Chinese Translation
After the invention of
"writing " during the Shang Dynasty of Ancient China the successors
to them, the Zhou Dynasty found need of Chinese
Translation due to their relations with
foreign states for mutual benefits. The next reference of
Chinese Translation is of Early
Imperial China in the third century A.D. during which there was
conversion of Buddhist text into Chinese. Zhi Qian was the first
known individual to do translation, as the earlier translator names
were not recorded in history. It is an important point to be noted
that the first step of translation was of Buddhist to Chinese
language and this continued for further hundreds of years together.
This influenced the people of
China
and so Buddhism developed strong roots in China.
The era of the Later
Imperial China got new wave of
Chinese translation
to English language when Christian missionaries from West came to
China
for preaching Christianity and
technology. The missionaries were successful in doing so to some
extent because of strong beliefs of Chinese in Buddhism. But during
these couple of hundred years the
Chinese translation had a new turn that
further helped Chinese learn lessons of science and maths.
This wave of
Chinese Translation also taught
Imperial China self-strengthening by adapting reforms as preached by
Western missionaries. The
Chinese translation
from western text was always edited in such a fashion that the
Chinese ideologies were not hurt and there was frictionless
acceptance of the information. During the same period Lin Zexu a
scholar who served the Qing dynasty knew importance of connecting
with the world outside China.
Lin Zexu managed a team of bilingual scholars to get information
about social sciences of other countries and Western press news
translated to Chinese for further study. The period after Lin Zexu
defeat Chinese focused more on translation of information on natural
sciences to learn the subject thoroughly and gain over the enemy.
While in the first half of twentieth century
Chinese translation of various other
language literatures were done to satisfy political interests of
leaders.
As time passed away the
Western World started attracting the attention of Chinese and from
the late nineteenth century the
Chinese Translation
started getting support from Government and Institutions. There were
several institutions started for learning foreign languages to give
a boost for learning different dialect and in return promote
translation industry. This further helped
China
to open up their doors for capturing new markets and learn latest
technologies. This further helped the growth of industries in
China.
Thus the final revolution in
Chinese Translation
has helped
China
become one of the biggest economies in the World.
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Chinese Language Translation
Chinese Language Translation is
observed to be in existence from the era of Later Imperial China
when foreigners from various western countries who were mainly
missionaries entered the country. These foreigners mainly translated
Chinese language so that they could communicate with the locals and
preach Christianity along with science and technology. They also
used Latin alphabets to denote various Chinese pronunciations. As a
part of
Chinese Language Translation these
western missionaries also edited and refined Chinese to English
language dictionaries.
During the Qing dynasty period Robert Morrison a British missionary
visited
China
to preach Christianity. Morrison had done remarkable work in
Chinese Language Translation. Morrison
first learnt the
Chinese language thoroughly. The most important translation was of
the Holy Bible done by Robert Morrison along with William Millen
that got a change in the culture of Chinese. This was a milestone
for preaching Christianity in China.
The point to be noted was Morrison worked both ways he also
translated Chinese classics like Three Character Aphorisms, Analects
of Confucius and The Dictionary of Chinese language of over 2500
pages to English language for the readers from Europe and
America.
Morrison further started the first Anglo-Chinese language college
that made students easier to learn
Chinese language translation. This was
the beginning as there came in more such colleges over years
increasing the possibilities of
Chinese language translation as by now
the ruling Kings and the people both had understood importance of
knowing new languages.
Lu Xun who is considered by
some scholars of the literature as the revolutionary who translated
Chinese Classical Language (guan hua) to vernacular language (bai
hua). He had done this mainly to educate the masses about the wrong
doings of foreigner on the Chinese.
His
Chinese language translation
was politically motivated and touched sensitive issues related to
China.
This aspect of Lu Xun
developed several controversies which
some feel was a reason for him being less known in the history of
Chinese Language Translation though he
was the first person to make the Chinese language easier so that it
could reach common man.
In the modern times of
rocket science technology there are several tools being developed
for
Chinese language translation. These
computerized tools can be used either in conjunction with manual
translation in which the output is almost perfect or close to it.
Other wise in case of software solutions that give automated Chinese
translation can only give 50% to 60 % accuracy only. This is mainly
because of large-scale ambiguity in this process. There are several
online websites that can give online
Chinese language translation that can
at least help to get some idea of the Chinese text if not in full.
Looking at the fast speed of technology development it is not far
that there will be a time when books of several pages in Chinese
language will be translated to 100% accuracy and that to on a fly.
Chinese Translation Services
Chinese Translation Services came in
existence from Later Imperial China when Chinese monks started
converting Buddhist scripts to Chinese language. These monks though
had less perfection in their translation but had this work done only
to teach the principles of Buddhism to Chinese. The
Chinese translation services were
offered by a team of translators, language scholars to check the
vocabulary, grammar of both the source language and target language
and the scriptwriter. In the period of Western missionaries the
translation services provided by them just included a collaborator
for reading the text or helping in specific aspect as individuals
like Robert Morrison had learned Chinese themselves for doing
translations.
Due to the start of
foreign language schools in later part of nineteenth century Chinese
could learn other foreign languages and thus professionals offering
Chinese translation services
came into existence. This development in Chinese history should be
marked as big step for further technological and political
developments in
China.
Though
Chinese translation services
were limited to a specific level in Imperial China but with times
the conditions changed. With the inclusion of foreign language
schools this service sector got a new structure. There were foreign
businessmen that hired Chinese locals for theirs services in order
to get information translated and get published in
China
to increase their businesses. As a matter of fact in today’s China
there are hundreds of companies and individuals that provide
Chinese translation services to clients
worldwide.
These companies or
individuals offer either manual translation or computer automated
Chinese translation services or manual
supported with computer assisted translation. Translators who are
very competent in both the Chinese language and the foreign language
offer the
Chinese translation services done
manually. In this type of services the translation is done word to
word or as at the best micro level and so the accuracy is very high.
In computer automated
Chinese translation services the work
is done by automated computer software’s.
Due to ambiguity this
type of
Chinese translation service gives very
low accuracy. While in the third type of manual supported by
computer tools translation service the translation is done by phrase
to phrase translation over computer with manual inputs. This type of
Chinese translation also gives higher accuracy and its advantage
over manual translation is that it saves time.
Apart from knowing the
type of translation services one should also know the specialties
offered by
Chinese translation service providers,
as long with the application the strategy and tone of language
offered by the service provider should be different. This can only
be so if the party offering
Chinese translation services has
knowledge about that specific business e.g. an engineer having
language skills can translate technical documents better than a non
technical individual.
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