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Republican China

Republican China (1911-1949)

During the First World War, the Chinese Government supported the Allied powers in the anticipation to reclaiming the German concessions in Shandong province at the end of the war. But they were duped and never handed over any such concessions. Rather the Treat of Versailles confiscated them over to Japan. As a result, around 3000 students from several Beijing universities assembled to hold a mass protest in Tiananmen Square on May 04, 1919. The rally gave birth to a movement called the May Fourth Movement and this was the first ever true nationalist movement in China. This movement inspired many Chinese patriots from all shades, stripes and ideologies henceforth. The students of the Beijing Spring held in 1989 deliberately sided with the May Fourth Movement. To add to the worse, June Fourth will now sustain on a bad repute for the tanks that rolled in Tiananmen Square.

During the beginning of 1920s, Dr. Sun Yatsen, who was an unsuccessful leader of the Nationalist Party (KMT) took the assistance from the Soviet. The aid of the Communists led Sun counterfeit an alliance with the infant Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and reunify China plagued with warlords. However, in 1925 Sun died of cancer, and the leadership control of the KMT was given to Chiang Kaishek.

Chiang launched his famous book Northern Expedition from Guangzhou to Shanghai, soon after taking over the KMT. This further unified Southern China, and the Nationalists took the control of the Lower Yangzi. The pervasion of Nationalists into Shanghai instigated Chiang to launch a mass destruction of CCP members, as he never liked the Communists; the only young communist to have escaped the massacre was Mao Zedong.

The Communists were also compelled to leave their urban bases and move towards the countryside. The Nationalist forces attempted to chase them out as per the wordings of Chiang, eliminate the cancer of Communism. In the year 1934, the Nationalists closed down all the Communist positions, which forced the Communists to run away in the night itself, without staying back even for a year. This was called the Long March.

Meanwhile, Mao Zedong took his position in Yanan as the sole leader of the Revolution, while the Japanese were also attempting to occupy Manchuria. In 1937, Japanese invaded China Proper and occupied major coastal cities, assigned atrocities, killed around 20 million Chinese. The Second World War began in 1939 with little effect on China situation. With the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, Japanese started fighting against Americans than Chinese. This allowed Communists to regain control over North China. The Nationalists and the Communists started fighting again at the end of the Second World War. The Communists realized that the Japanese will not surrender to them, but the Nationalists. By October 1949, the Nationalists had to flee away to Taiwan after having badly stuck with hyperinflation and huge debts. Mao Zedong announced the making of the Peoples Republic of China.

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